Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Motivation theory x and theory y free management books. Agement texts discussed mcgregors theory x and theory y directly in. Theory x and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management.
Theory x and theory y notes theory x and theory y notes. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. However, commentators and practitioners have often misinterpreted his ideas to assume exactly that. Mar 15, 2017 the relationship between mcgregor s x y theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract. Read this article to learn about mcgregors theory of x and theory y. Our work is empirically contributory by providing a constructvalid measure of theory xy managerial assumptions. Theory y principles to encourage knowledge sharing and continuous improvement.
The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Mcgregors theory x and y douglas mcgregor wrote the book the human side of enterprise in 1960 he examined individuals behaviour at work. Managers generally have one of two perspectives regarding their employees. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. The theory x and theory y were advanced by douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of. Dec 10, 2018 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise. Theory x and y was developed by douglas mcgregor, a social psychologist in 1960.
For those managers faced with the challenge of douglas mcgregors landmark book. This study aims to explore whether mcgregor s theory x y assumptions are determinants of. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory motivation scribd.
By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y notes douglas mcgregor popularized the human relations approach to management in the 1960s theory x.
Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y from wiki theory x in this theory, management. Start studying intro to business chapter 10 pretest. Jul 08, 2017 it is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. Mcgregors theory x and theory y from wiki theory x in this theory, management. Theory y management style is suited to knowledge work and professional services. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory.
Features of mcgregor s theory x and theory y of motivation. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract. Theory x and theory y explains how your perceptions can affect your. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor one of the forefathers. Douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Theory x and theory y motivation selfimprovement scribd. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Carson school of business, samford university, birmingham, alabama, usa abstract. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. He also taught at the indian institute of management calcutta. Application theory x management style is widely accepted as inferior to others, it has its place in large scale production operation and unskilled production line work. Y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of. Theory x, theory y by douglas mcgregor is a motivation theory. Mcgregors theory is also from are one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee.
Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. In the human side of enterprise mcgregor recognised that theory y was not a panacea for all ills. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a. As you would expect, theory y sees motivation in the opposite manner of theory x. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was an american organizational theorist and management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. Learn how douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y can help you think about team member motivation. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on behavior of individuals at work, and he has formulated two models which he calls theory x and theory y.
Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza importance. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files newlinedb. Under this theory, the employees are highly selfmotivated, and they need little encouragement from upper management to deliver quality results on a day to day basis. This is the idea behind douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. These managers assume that people dont enjoy work in fact, they would surely avoid doing it. These theories are based on human behaviour in management. As the classical theory of human behavior, theory x. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management.
In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Introduction theory x and y was developed by douglas mcgregor, a social psychologist in 1960. X y theory questionnaire based on douglas mcgregor s xy. Theory x is a conventional approach to motivation, based on negative assumptions. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in the human side of enterprise, yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory.
Comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and theory. Theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor one of the forefathers of management theory and one of the top business thinkers of all time. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf download oikos. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour.
Douglas mcgregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called theory x and theory y. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on education practices mcgregor was a student of abraham maslow. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Mcgregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. He was a social psychologist who became the president of antioch college. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s.
These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. In his book, the human side of enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y team management training from.
Learn how douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y can help you think about team member motivation. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his book. Theory x managers believe that their employees come to work just to earn a living, and that they dont want to take on new responsibilities. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. This is the idea behind douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y. Theory x managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with theory y. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. While in high school, mcgregor worked as night clerk at the mcgregor institute, a family affair originally established by his grandfather, but managed by his father and his uncle to provide temporary accommodation for around 100 transient workers at a time.
Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Apr 07, 2017 although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregor s initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the. Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. In his theory about management attitudes at two opposite poles mcgregors theory x and theory y, he never intended to indicate that x was bad and y good, nor that any leader should find a spot between the two and set up camp.
This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. It is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Mcgregors theory x and theory y free download as pdf file. An analysis of mcgregors ground breaking management theory.
He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. Sep 09, 2016 douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on the management field, largely due to his theory x and theory y. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. From this he formulated two models of management based on hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j.
Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. Although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregors initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Theory x and y is about managers beliefs about people and attitudes, which then translates into ways they choose to motivate their employees. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s.
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